Chasing after today's potent array of superstimulation can easily overload our vulnerable
reward circuitry. Without realizing why, we may begin to experience withdrawal symptoms, cravings for even more frequent stimulation, and, sometimes, enduring brain changes.
The more extreme the stimulation (whatever our individual thresholds), the more dopamine surges in our reward circuitry. And the lower it drops afterward (or the less sensitive we are to it, due to down regulation of nerve cell receptors). Dopamine balance matters. For example, high dopamine is associated with compulsions,
anxiety, risky behavior, and so forth, while low dopamine is associated with conditions like
social anxiety,
depression, inability to feel pleasure, and lack of ambition.
Most of us learn about the high-leads-to-hangover cycle fairly early by drinking too much alcohol. So why are we so likely to reach for short-lived, intense stimulation even when it begins to set off neurochemical hangovers? Usually because we aren't getting enough of the other rewards our brain finds gratifying.
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Let's say we choose to comfort ourselves with a big dose of today's super-sexy stimulation. After dopamine soars in response to extreme stimulation, it drops unnaturally low. Withdrawal symptoms, such as restlessness, irritability, frustration, desire for isolation, and apathy are signals that we're not yet back to equilibrium at a brain chemical level.
So why the massive libido? During recovery, we may feel uneasy or depressed, as if some key ingredient for our
happiness is missing. As a consequence, we're very susceptible to cues our brain associates with rapid relief from discomfort. When we spot one, our reward circuitry starts yapping and bouncing around like a crazed Jack Russell terrier. Surging dopamine is hard to ignore, so we want to "feed it," just to shut it up. Yet if we climax now, we can easily fall into an accelerating cycle, medicating ourselves with more stimulation every time we get The Urge. Strapped onto this roller coaster of peaks and drops, we may forget entirely what balance feels like.
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Once we recognize the vulnerability of our reward circuitry in the face of today's superabundance, we can see the real challenge before us. It is to get our dopamine levels back in balance and keep them there. Then we can enjoy the occasional indulgence without falling into an uncomfortable cycle of highs and lows. Balanced dopamine is associated with feelings of well-being and satisfaction, pleasure in accomplishing tasks, healthy libido, good feelings toward others, motivation, optimism, sound choices, healthy risk-taking, realistic expectations and healthy bonds with others. Ahhh!